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1.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics [The]. 2005; 26 (1): 261-289
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-72276

ABSTRACT

The existence of brain rennin-angiotensin system [RAS] is well established and it may affect cognitive function and movement disorders. It has been suggested that manipulation of brain angiotensin could be a new therapeutic tool to modulate brain dopamine level, abnormalities of which are implicated in a wide range of conditions including extrapyramidal movement disorders, depression, appetite control, schizophrenia and arousal. In this work, we studied the changes in behavior and brain dopamine content under the effect of two lipophilic ACEIs, perindopril and ramipril, used orally daily for one week in normal rats. Other rat groups were then given single subcutaneous reserpine injection [5 mg/kg] to study the effect of pre-treatment with the ACEIs on the reserpine-induced akinesia, neurobehavioral changes and depleted brain dopamine. In normal rats, although perindopril increased dopamine content in the three brain regions examined, ramipril had no effect on striarum but there were no significant differences between the two ACEIs in their effects on frontal cortex and midbrain. Neither perindopril nor ramipril caused neurobehavioral effects. Both drugs reduced the reserpine-induced akinesia and behavioral changes and antagonized the reserpine-induced brain dopamine depletion. We concluded that chronic ACEIs therapy can influence dopamine level and this is a class effect depending on tissue penetration and crossing BBB


Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Perindopril , Ramipril , Dopamine , Brain , Rats , Reserpine/adverse effects , Protective Agents , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
2.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2001 Apr; 45(2): 148-60
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106440

ABSTRACT

Tardive dyskinesia is a serious motor side effect of long term neuroleptic therapy, with an unknown pathophysiological basis. The leading hypothesis of the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia includes dopamine receptor supersensitivity, GABAergic hypofunction, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Many preclinical models have been developed to identify the underlying pathological processes of tardive dyskinesia, but none has yet produced a parsimonious results. A wide range of animal models, viz. Homologous, analogous and correlational models have been developed to explore the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Vacuous chewing movements in rodents induced by chronic neuroleptic treatment is the most frequently employed model. As the existing models suffer from several phenomenological and methodological problems, development of new models, highly predictive of pathological basis of tardive dyskinesia can accelerate tardive dyskinesia research for the better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying the syndrome and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Disease Models, Animal , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/etiology , Free Radicals , Humans , Isoniazid/adverse effects , Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects , Reserpine/adverse effects , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
4.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine. 1992; 16 (1): 19-26
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-172629

ABSTRACT

The effect of the major tranquilizer [chlorpromazine] and the antihypertensive agent [reserpine] on serum testosterone [TS], follicular stimulating hormone [FS H], leutinizing hormone [LEE] and liver enzymes [AST, ALT] as well as total protein [UP], albumin [ALB] and free amino acids [AA] in male albino rats were investigated. Drug treatment was given s.c. for 30 days after which, animals were sacrificed, the testes from each animal were carefull9 removed and weighed. Both drugs caused a significant reduction in testicular weight. Chlorpromazine resulted in a significant decrease [p<0.01] in the levels of [TS], [FSH] [LEE] and [ALT]. Reserpine resulted in a significant' decrease [p<0.01] in serum


Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Reserpine/adverse effects , Liver Function Tests/blood , Testosterone/blood , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Receptors, LHRH/blood , Rats
5.
Bol. estud. méd. biol ; 37(3/4): 87-93, jul.-dic. 1989. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-88621

ABSTRACT

La actividad ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) es un potencial de campo característico del sueño paradójico, que puede ser inducido por la administración de reserpina. Se ha postulado que el área X y el núcleo parabraquial lateral contienen las células que generan la actividad PGO. En el presente estudio, se analizan los efectos de la estimulación eléctrica repetida, tipo Kindling, aplicada en el área X y en el núcleo parabraquial lateral, con la finalidad de inducir cambios plásticos progresivos en la actividad PGO. Se utilizaron gatos reserpinizados, curarizados y con respiración articial. La actividad PGO se registró en el núcleo geniculado lateral y se analizó la frecuencia de estas espigas al minuto, a los 5 minutos y a la hora de aplicada la estimulación repetida (pulsos cuadrados del ms de duración con una frecuencia de 60Hz y una intensidad de 150 uA aplicados durante un segundo). La estimulación del área X no provoca modificaciones en la frecuencia de espigas PGO, mientras que en el núcleo parabraquial lateral se observa un incremento progresivo relativamente pobre en la frecuencia de este potencial. Los hallazgos obtenidos con la estimulación del área X descartan la posibilidad de inducir cambios funcionales plásticos de esta región. En cambio, la respuesta a la estimulación del parabraquial lateral indica una activación del sistema generador de espigas PGO. Estas diferencias sugerirían que ambos núcleos tienen distinta influencia sobre la actividad PGO, aunque es posible que las respuestas encontradas en el parabraquial lateral sean efectos indirectos, debido a sus relaciones anatómicas


Subject(s)
Cats , Animals , Electric Stimulation/adverse effects , Reserpine/adverse effects , Sleep/radiation effects
7.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 42(3): 179-87, mar. 1985. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-28166

ABSTRACT

Se presentan las características clínicas, de laboratorio y la evolución intrahospitalaria de 100 productos de madres con toxemia del embarazo (fetopatía toxémica). Se obtuvieron 82 mediante cesárea y 18 por vía vaginal, utilizando fórceps en 17 de ellos. Fueron 68 prematuros y 19 pequeños para la edad gestacional, siendo 88 de peso subnormal. Se observó acidosis metabólica en todos, hiponatremia en 34, hipocloremia en 89, hipocalcemia en 10, hipomagnesemia en 54 y presentaron hipoglicemia 67. Se vio hipotermia en 66, depresión neurológica en 93, con mioclonias en 19 de ellos, obstrucción nasal en 28, ictericia en 34. Hubo pulmón húmedo en 20 casos y neumonía por aspiración de meconio en diez. Dos fueron malformados graves. Solo diez no presentaron otro problema. Al alta de consideraron sanos 95, fallecieron dos de los pacientes con neumonía por aspiración y uno evoluciona con secuelas neurológicas. Consideramos que se puede establecer el diagnóstico de fetopatía en base a antecedentes, características clínicas y comportamiento en el periodo neonatal inmediato por la medicación administrada a la madre, lo que en conjunto permite diferencarlo del producto de peso subnormal de otra etiología


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Placental Insufficiency/etiology , Pre-Eclampsia/complications , Diazepam/adverse effects , Reserpine/adverse effects
8.
Pesqui. méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 19(2): 166-70, 1985. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-29229

ABSTRACT

Faz-se uma revisäo bibliográfica da farmacologia e utilizaçäo da reserpina na hipertensäo arterial


Subject(s)
Hypertension/drug therapy , Reserpine/therapeutic use , Reserpine/adverse effects , Reserpine/pharmacology
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